Canada has an extremely large number of lakes, with the number of lakes larger than three square kilometers being estimated at close to 31,752 by the Atlas of Canada. Six of the world’s top ten largest lakes, by surface area, are located in Canada.

• Total Number of Lakes: Canada has an estimated 31,752 lakes larger than three square kilometers.
• Lakes Larger than 100 km²: Canada has 561 lakes with a surface area larger than 100 km², including four of the Great Lakes.
• Freshwater Coverage: Almost 9% of Canada’s total area is covered by freshwater, which amounts to 891,163 square kilometers (344,080 sq. mi).

Canada’s vast wilderness and abundant natural resources include its many large lakes, which are a significant part of the country’s freshwater supply. With an estimated 20% of the world’s total freshwater, Canada is home to a substantial portion of the world’s freshwater resources. The country’s largest lakes are not only important for their natural beauty and recreational opportunities, but they also play a critical role in the country’s economy and ecology.

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9 Largest Lakes in Canada That You Should Know

 Canada’s largest lakes include the following: 

1. Lake Superior (82,100 km² )
2. Lake Huron (59,600 km²)
3. Great Bear Lake (31,328 km²)
4. Lake Erie: (25,700 km²)
5. Lake Winnipeg (24,514 km²)
6. Lake Ontario (18,960 km²)
7. Lake Athabasca (7,850 km²)
8. Reindeer Lake (6,616 km²)
9. Lake Baie James (2,835 km²)

1. Lake Superior

Lake Superior holds the title of the largest lake in Canada and is recognized globally as the largest freshwater lake by surface area. It covers a vast expanse of 82,100 square kilometers, stretching its boundaries between the United States and Canada, with 28,750 square kilometers located within Canadian borders. The rest of its expanse extends into the United States. In terms of physical dimensions, Lake Superior reaches a depth of up to 406 meters, a length of about 563 kilometers, and a width of 257 kilometers.

The lake is celebrated not only for its impressive size but also for its breathtaking natural scenery and remarkably clear and clean waters. These qualities make it a popular destination for tourists and nature lovers alike. The clear waters of Lake Superior are home to a rich biodiversity, particularly noted for its variety of fish species. Among these are lake trout, whitefish, and salmon, which are significant both for local fishing industries and for sport fishing.

Beyond its natural beauty and biological importance, Lake Superior plays a crucial role in the local economy. Communities along its shores benefit significantly from industries such as fishing, which has been a staple for generations. Tourism also boosts the economy, as visitors are drawn to the area for recreational activities like boating, fishing, and scenic exploration. Additionally, shipping across its waters is a critical economic activity, facilitating the transport of goods and commodities across the Great Lakes region and beyond.

Thus, Lake Superior is much more than just a large body of water; it is a vital, vibrant ecosystem and an economic linchpin for the regions that border it.      

2. Lake Huron

Lake Huron, renowned for its vast expanse and stunning natural beauty, ranks as the second-largest lake in Canada and the third-largest freshwater lake globally by surface area. It encompasses an area of 59,600 square kilometers, of which 36,000 lie within Canadian borders and the remainder in the United States. The lake reaches depths of up to 229 meters, and it stretches about 332 kilometers in length and 295 kilometers at its widest point.

Notable for its pristine, crystal-clear waters, Lake Huron attracts visitors with its picturesque sandy beaches, making it a favored destination for those seeking natural scenic beauty and tranquil beach activities. The clarity of the water not only enhances its aesthetic appeal but also supports a vibrant aquatic ecosystem.

The biodiversity of Lake Huron is rich, with a variety of fish species thriving in its waters. Key among these are lake trout, whitefish, and salmon, which are important both for commercial fisheries and sport fishing. This aquatic diversity supports the local fishing industry, which is a crucial source of livelihood for many communities along the lake’s shores.

In addition to fishing, Lake Huron’s economy is bolstered by tourism and shipping. The tourism sector benefits from the lake’s natural attractions, including recreational activities such as boating, fishing, swimming, and exploring the surrounding landscapes. The lake’s role in shipping is also significant, facilitating the movement of goods and commodities between the Great Lakes and other markets, thus being a vital component of the regional and cross-border economies.

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3. Great Bear Lake

Great Bear Lake stands out as the third-largest lake entirely within Canada and ranks as the seventh-largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area. It covers a substantial 31,328 square kilometers and reaches depths of up to 446 meters, making it one of the deepest in North America. Situated in the remote wilderness of the Northwest Territories, this lake is renowned for its pristine natural environments and breathtaking landscapes, often characterized by clear skies and the undisturbed beauty of the Arctic region.

The ecological system of Great Bear Lake is notably rich and diverse, particularly with respect to its fish populations. The lake is home to several species highly valued both commercially and recreationally, including lake trout, whitefish, and inconnu (a less commonly known but locally important fish). These species are not only vital for the local ecosystems but also for the fishing activities that support the livelihoods of nearby communities.

Economically, Great Bear Lake is a crucial asset for the sparse population that resides in its vicinity. Fishing is a significant economic activity, providing both a source of income and food security for the local residents. In addition, the lake’s stunning natural beauty and the surrounding wilderness attract tourists seeking adventure and tranquility in a less-traveled part of the world. Activities like sport fishing, hiking, and the opportunity to witness the Northern Lights contribute to the lake’s appeal as a unique tourist destination.

Tourism, coupled with fishing, plays a pivotal role in the local economy, bringing in revenue and supporting jobs in these sectors. The importance of these industries is magnified by the lake’s remoteness and the limited range of economic opportunities available in such an isolated area.

4. Lake Erie

Lake Erie holds a prominent position as the fourth-largest lake in Canada and ranks as the tenth-largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area. It covers an expanse of 25,700 square kilometers, with nearly half, or about 12,800 square kilometers, located within Canada, while the remainder lies in the United States. This lake is relatively shallow compared to its larger neighbors, reaching a maximum depth of just 64 meters. It stretches 388 kilometers in length and has a breadth of up to 92 kilometers at its widest point.

One of the distinguishing features of Lake Erie is its relatively warm waters, which contribute to its vibrant and diverse aquatic life. The lake supports abundant fish populations, making it a hotspot for commercial and recreational fishing. Key species found in the lake include walleye, perch, and bass, which are highly prized by anglers.

The economic significance of Lake Erie extends beyond fishing. Its shores are dotted with numerous communities that derive substantial benefits from various lake-based activities. Tourism is a major economic driver, as visitors are attracted to the lake for its fishing prospects, water sports, and scenic beauty. The region’s beaches, state parks, and recreational facilities also contribute to its appeal as a vacation destination.

Shipping is another critical component of the lake’s economy. Lake Erie serves as a vital waterway for transporting goods and materials between the Great Lakes and other regions. Its strategic location facilitates extensive maritime traffic, which is essential for the industries and economies of both the United States and Canada.

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5. Lake Winnipeg

Lake Winnipeg is a prominent feature in the Canadian landscape, ranking as the fifth-largest lake in Canada and the twelfth-largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area. It stretches over 24,514 square kilometers with a relatively shallow maximum depth of 36 meters. Located in the province of Manitoba, this vast body of water is celebrated for its striking natural beauty and vibrant ecosystems.

The lake is particularly noted for its rich fish populations, making it a favorite among anglers. Species such as walleye, sauger, and Lake Whitefish are not only popular for sport fishing but are also crucial for commercial fishing operations in the area. These fisheries are an integral part of the local culture and economy, providing both employment and recreation for the communities around the lake.

Beyond fishing, Lake Winnipeg serves as a hub for various economic activities. Tourism is a significant contributor to the region’s economy, driven by the lake’s scenic vistas and its appeal as a destination for water sports, bird watching, and relaxing beach visits. The diverse activities available, including boating, hiking, and exploring nearby natural attractions, draw visitors from across Canada and beyond, bolstering local businesses and services.

Shipping and transportation also play key roles in the lake’s economic importance. Historically, Lake Winnipeg was part of the fur trade route, and today it continues to support commercial navigation and the transport of goods within the region. This aspect of the lake’s use underscores its strategic importance in Manitoba’s transportation network.

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6. Lake Ontario

Lake Ontario holds the distinction of being the sixth-largest lake in Canada and ranks as the thirteenth-largest freshwater lake globally by surface area. It covers 18,960 square kilometers, almost evenly split between Canada and the United States, with Canada claiming 9,910 square kilometers of this expanse. The lake’s considerable depth reaches up to 244 meters, while its maximum length and width are 311 kilometers and 85 kilometers, respectively, making it a significant body of water in the Great Lakes system.

Lake Ontario is celebrated for its remarkable natural beauty, characterized by its vibrant waterscapes and scenic shorelines. The lake’s ecological health supports a diverse range of fish species, making it a popular destination for anglers. Prominent among these species are salmon, trout, and bass, which not only attract sport fishing enthusiasts but also support a thriving commercial fishing industry.

The economic impact of Lake Ontario extends far beyond fishing. It is a vital asset for the communities along its shores, fostering a robust local economy. Tourism plays a crucial role, driven by the lake’s natural attractions and recreational opportunities. Visitors and locals alike enjoy activities such as boating, swimming, and waterfront dining, enhancing the region’s appeal as a leisure destination.

Moreover, Lake Ontario is a key node in the shipping network between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence Seaway. This strategic waterway enables the movement of goods and materials, which is crucial for both national and international trade. Shipping not only facilitates economic growth but also strengthens the economic resilience of the region.

7. Lake Athabasca

Lake Athabasca is a significant geographical feature in Canada, ranking as the seventh-largest lake in the country and the nineteenth-largest freshwater lake globally by surface area. Covering 7,850 square kilometers, this vast body of water reaches depths of up to 244 meters. Straddling the border between Saskatchewan and Alberta, Lake Athabasca is not only a natural boundary but also a stunning example of the pristine wilderness areas found in northern Canada.

The lake is renowned for its exceptional natural beauty, characterized by clear waters, rugged shorelines, and the forested landscapes that surround it. These attributes make Lake Athabasca a visually captivating destination. The lake’s ecosystem supports a diverse array of fish species, making it a prime location for both commercial and recreational fishing. Notable species include lake trout, whitefish, and inconnu (also known as sheefish), which are vital to the local fishing industries and contribute significantly to the regional economy.

Fishing is a cornerstone of the economic activities associated with Lake Athabasca. It provides a livelihood for many residents and is integral to the cultural fabric of the local communities. The abundant fish stocks draw anglers from various regions, adding to the lake’s appeal as a fishing destination.

Tourism also plays a pivotal role in the local economy, with visitors attracted by the opportunity to engage in outdoor activities such as fishing, kayaking, and hiking. The lake’s remote location enhances its appeal to those seeking solitude and a connection with nature, offering unique experiences away from more crowded tourist spots. This influx of tourists benefits local businesses, including lodges, guide services, and other hospitality-related industries, which cater to the needs of visitors seeking to explore the lake and its surroundings.

Moreover, the scenic beauty and tranquility of Lake Athabasca make it a valuable asset for conservation efforts, with various initiatives in place to protect its pristine environment and diverse wildlife. This balance of ecological integrity and economic utility underscores the lake’s importance not just to the local communities but also to the broader environmental stewardship efforts in the region.

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8. Reindeer Lake

Reindeer Lake, positioned as the eighth-largest lake in Canada and the twenty-first-largest freshwater lake globally by surface area, encompasses a significant expanse of 6,616 square kilometers. Located between the provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba, this lake is not only admired for its vastness but also for its stunning natural vistas and diverse aquatic life.

The lake reaches depths of up to 244 meters, providing ample habitat for a rich array of fish species. Among the notable inhabitants are lake trout, northern pike, and walleye, which attract both recreational anglers and commercial fishing enterprises. The abundance of fish populations underscores the lake’s importance as a vital resource for sustaining local economies and supporting livelihoods in the surrounding communities.

Fishing and tourism are the primary drivers of the local economy around Reindeer Lake. The recreational opportunities offered by the lake, including fishing, boating, and wildlife viewing, draw visitors seeking outdoor adventures and tranquil escapes into nature. This influx of tourists contributes to the region’s economy by supporting businesses such as lodges, outfitters, restaurants, and other hospitality services.

Furthermore, Reindeer Lake’s role extends beyond economic significance to encompass ecological importance. Conservation efforts are essential to maintain the health of the lake’s ecosystem and ensure the sustainability of its resources. By implementing responsible fishing practices and preserving natural habitats, stakeholders work to safeguard the lake’s biodiversity and preserve its pristine beauty for future generations.

9. Lake Baie James

Lake Baie James, known as the ninth-largest lake in Canada and the twenty-second-largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area, covers an impressive 2,835 square kilometers. With depths reaching up to 244 meters, it is situated in the expansive and scenic region of Quebec. The lake is renowned for its breathtaking natural landscapes, which feature a mix of rugged shorelines and densely forested areas, providing a picturesque backdrop that is quintessentially Canadian.

The aquatic life in Lake Baie James is vibrant and diverse, with abundant fish populations that are central to both the ecosystem and local fishing industries. Species such as walleye, northern pike, and lake trout are particularly prevalent, making the lake a favored destination for sport fishing enthusiasts. These fish not only support a healthy recreational fishing sector but are also vital for the commercial fishing operations that contribute to the local economy.

Fishing, as a key economic activity, sustains many in the local communities, providing employment and forming an integral part of the cultural identity of the area. The economic benefits derived from fishing are complemented by those from tourism, which is significantly driven by the lake’s natural beauty and the recreational opportunities it offers.

Tourism at Lake Baie James includes a wide range of activities beyond fishing, such as kayaking, canoeing, hiking, and wildlife viewing. The region’s remote beauty attracts visitors looking for a more secluded getaway, which enhances the demand for local services like lodging, dining, and guided tours. This influx of tourists helps to sustain the local economy, particularly during peak visiting seasons.

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Conclusion

In conclusion, Canada’s large lakes are not only important for their natural beauty and recreational opportunities, but they also play a critical role in the country’s economy and ecology. Fishing, tourism, and industry all rely on these lakes, making them an essential part of Canada’s natural resources. The lakes’ natural beauty and recreational opportunities attract visitors from around the world, contributing significantly to the local and national economies. The lakes’ natural resources, including fish and hydroelectric power, are also essential to the country’s economy and ecology, making them a vital part of Canada’s future.

FAQs

What Is the Largest Lake in Canada by Surface Area?

Lake Superior, with a surface area of 82,100 km², is the largest lake in Canada by surface area.

Which Lake in Canada Has the Largest Volume of Water?

Great Bear Lake, located in the Northwest Territories, has the largest volume of water among all lakes in Canada.

What Is the Second-Largest Lake in Canada by Surface Area?

Lake Huron, with a surface area of 59,600 km², is the second-largest lake in Canada by surface area.

How Many of the World’s Largest Lakes by Surface Area Are Located in Canada?

Six of the world’s top ten largest lakes by surface area are located in Canada.

Which Lake in Canada Is the Largest Entirely Within Canadian Borders?

Great Bear Lake, located in the Northwest Territories, is the largest lake entirely within Canadian borders.

What Is the Largest Lake in the World by Surface Area?

The Caspian Sea, located in Central Asia, is the largest lake in the world by surface area, with a surface area of approximately 386,400 square km.

Which Lake Is the Second-Largest in the World by Surface Area?

Lake Superior, located in Canada and the United States, is the second-largest lake in the world by surface area, with a surface area of 82,100 square km.

Which Lake Is the Deepest in the World?

Lake Baikal, located in Russia, is the deepest lake in the world, with a maximum depth of 5,387 feet (1,642 meters).